\centering
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
{
\begin{tabular}{l*{8}{c}}
\toprule
                &\multicolumn{4}{c}{Incumbent}                                              &\multicolumn{4}{c}{Challenger}                                             \\\cmidrule(lr){2-5}\cmidrule(lr){6-9}
                &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(5)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(6)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(7)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(8)}         \\
\midrule
Before          &   -2.642         &   -0.220         &   -0.997\sym{**} &   -4.757         &   -2.066         &   -0.986         &   -0.668         &   -7.861         \\
                &  (1.674)         &  (2.612)         &  (0.486)         &  (5.174)         &  (2.134)         &  (2.452)         &  (0.474)         &  (5.756)         \\
\addlinespace
Above median corruption&   -0.906\sym{**} &   -0.940\sym{**} &   -0.923\sym{**} &   -0.897\sym{**} &   -0.667\sym{*}  &   -0.699\sym{**} &   -0.681\sym{**} &   -0.663\sym{*}  \\
                &  (0.415)         &  (0.402)         &  (0.403)         &  (0.411)         &  (0.352)         &  (0.343)         &  (0.343)         &  (0.349)         \\
\addlinespace
Before $\times$ Above median corruption&    1.246\sym{**} &    1.282\sym{**} &    1.232\sym{**} &    1.216\sym{**} &    1.567\sym{***}&    1.640\sym{***}&    1.560\sym{***}&    1.554\sym{***}\\
                &  (0.516)         &  (0.558)         &  (0.558)         &  (0.557)         &  (0.545)         &  (0.567)         &  (0.568)         &  (0.569)         \\
\addlinespace
Before $\times$ gini&    0.035         &                  &                  &    0.027         &    0.029         &                  &                  &    0.017         \\
                &  (0.031)         &                  &                  &  (0.035)         &  (0.039)         &                  &                  &  (0.043)         \\
\addlinespace
Before $\times$ income&                  &   -0.095         &                  &    0.361         &                  &    0.087         &                  &    0.967         \\
                &                  &  (0.448)         &                  &  (0.775)         &                  &  (0.417)         &                  &  (0.822)         \\
\addlinespace
Before $\times$ illiteracy&                  &                  &    0.011         &    0.020         &                  &                  &    0.009         &    0.042         \\
                &                  &                  &  (0.016)         &  (0.028)         &                  &                  &  (0.016)         &  (0.034)         \\
\midrule
Observations    &      836         &      836         &      836         &      836         &      784         &      784         &      784         &      784         \\
Dep. Var. Mean  &    2.854         &    2.854         &    2.854         &    2.854         &    3.258         &    3.258         &    3.258         &    3.258         \\
Mayor and municipal controls&\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         \\
State and term FE&\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         &\checkmark         \\
Adjusted R$^2$  &    0.147         &    0.146         &    0.146         &    0.145         &    0.181         &    0.180         &    0.180         &    0.180         \\
$\beta_0+\beta_2 \, c_{ist}$&   -1.395         &    1.062         &    0.234         &   -3.542         &   -0.499         &    0.654         &    0.892         &   -6.307         \\
p-value         &    0.418         &    0.652         &    0.723         &    0.487         &    0.823         &    0.772         &    0.186         &    0.271         \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}}
%
